Castigo de los 3 o de los 10 años para regresar a EEUU

Castigo de los 3 o de los 10 aà ±os para regresar a EEUU El castigo de los 3  o de los 10  aà ±os prohà ­be regresar a Estados Unidos cuando se ha estado ilegalmente en el paà ­s y es una de las reglas migratorias que ms problemas causa, tanto a los migrantes que quieren arreglar sus papeles como a los extranjeros que desean visitar temporalmente EE.UU. Este castigo, que en inglà ©s se conoce como   the three- and ten- year bars, fue creado por la ley Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigration Responsability Act (IIRAIRA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Entrà ³ en vigor en 1996 y, por lo tanto, no aplica a las personas que estuvieron ilegalmente en el paà ­s con anterior a esa fecha. En este artà ­culo se explica cà ³mo funciona este castigo, al que en algunos paà ­ses se llama penalidad, y las distintas posibilidades que pueden darse, por lo que es de importancia fundamental entender las particularidades que aplican al caso de cada uno, ya que hay importantes diferencias. Asimismo, se explica  quià ©n califica para un perdà ³n, tambià ©n conocido  como waiver  o permiso, los casos especiales y se resuelven dudas frecuentes. En quà © consiste el castigo de los 3  y de los 10 aà ±os y a quià ©nes aplica Si eres extranjero y has estado  ilegalmente en Estados Unidos por ms de 180 dà ­as corridos, es decir, de una sola vez, entonces cuando salgas del paà ­s no podrs regresar por tres  aà ±os. Pero si el tiempo transcurrido como ilegal es superior a 365 dà ­as continuos, entonces la prohibicià ³n es por 10  aà ±os. Por ejemplo, si ingresaste con una visa de turista y en el I-94 (registro de entrada y de salida) que  te concedieron seis meses para permanecer en Estados Unidos pero te fuiste siete meses ms tarde de la fecha consignada en el registro de entrada, entonces no podrs volver en 3  aà ±os, a contar desde la fecha en la que te fuiste. Otro ejemplo, si entraste ilegalmente por la frontera, el tiempo empieza a contarse desde ese dà ­a. Si el gobierno sospecha que has estado como indocumentado en Estados Unidos puede obligarte a probar con documentacià ³n que ese no es el caso. Es decir, no te confundas, el gobierno no tiene que demostrar que has sido un indocumentado. Todo lo contrario, te puede exigir que seas tà º el que tenga esa carga y   enseà ±es boletos de avià ³n, resguardos de tarjetas de crà ©dito o dà ©bito, contratos de arrendamiento o trabajo, facturas, etc., que sirvan para documentar tu presencia fuera de USA. Por à ºltimo, resaltar que este castigo de los tres y de los 10 aà ±os no aplica a todos los extranjeros ya que hay importantes excepciones, como por ejemplo, menores de 18 aà ±os o asilados. Dentro de Estados Unidos en situacià ³n de ilegalidad El castigo de los tres y de los 10 aà ±os tiene consecuencias distintas segà ºn la situacià ³n de la persona extranjera afectada por esta regla. En en primer lugar, veamos el caso de los extranjeros que se encuentran dentro de Estados Unidos y su situacià ³n de ilegalidad excede los 180 dà ­as. Decir que pueden ser expulsados desde el dà ­a 1 de ilegalidad o que puede iniciarse en su contra un procedimiento de deportacià ³n, dependiendo de las circunstancias de cada caso. Adems, este castigo puede afectar indirectamente a la hora de intentar de sacar la green card o de intentar obtener una visa no inmigrante al obligar a salir del paà ­s para hacer esos trmites y, de ese modo, activando el castigo. Pero no siempre es asà ­.   Y es que existe una excepcià ³n para ciertos familiares de ciudadanos americanos que sà ­ podrà ­an ajustar su estatus dentro del paà ­s, a pesar de estar en situacià ³n de indocumentados. Se tienen que dar todos los requisitos siguientes: En primer lugar, ser cà ³nyuge, hijos soltero menor de 21 aà ±os de un ciudadano o padre/madre de un ciudadano mayor de 21 aà ±os. En segundo lugar, haber ingresado a Estados Unidos legalmente. La situacià ³n de ilegalidad se produce por no haber salido del paà ­s dentro del tiempo que les concedà ­a su visa. Es decir, si se ha ingresado cruzando ilegalmente la frontera no se puede ajustar el estatus, incluso aunque se està © casado con un ciudadano o se tengan hijos americanos.   Todas las dems personas extranjeras que estn ilegalmente en Estados Unidos deben salir del paà ­s para tramitar sus papeles, en lo que se conoce como procedimiento consular. Lo que pueden hacer, si reà ºnen los requisitos, es solicitar antes de salir de Estados Unidos un perdà ³n que se conoce como perdà ³n provisional por estancia ilegal.   Sà ³lo aplica a las personas en proceso de tramitar una tarjeta de residencia permanente y deben poder acreditar que, si no les es concedido, su alejamiento por un tiempo amplio causarà ­a una situacià ³n de dureza extrema a el cà ³nyuge o el padre o la madre que debe ser ciudadano o residente permanente legal. En otras palabras, la dureza extrema que pueda causarse por la separacià ³n al migrante o a sus hijos, si los tiene, es irrelevante. La gran ventaja de obtener este waiver provisional es que, aunque sigue existiendo la obligacià ³n de salir de Estados Unidos para ir a una entrevista a un consulado, ya se viaja con el perdà ³n en la mano, por lo que si todo va bien, la estancia fuera del paà ­s se reducirà ­a a una semana o incluso menos. Destacar respecto a este perdà ³n provisional que su aprobacià ³n no es fcil y que incluso tenià ©ndolo eso no quiere decir que se obtenga siempre la visa de inmigrante para regresar a Estados Unidos ya que una vez en el consulado pueden aparecer otros problemas de inadmisibilidad. Y por à ºltimo decir que desde el 29 de julio de 2016 este perdà ³n provisional lo pueden pedir todas las personas que cumplen los requisitos antes expresados, sin que importe el camino por el que acceden a la green card, por ejemplo, peticià ³n de empresa, loterà ­a de visas, etc. Penalidad de 3 y 10 aà ±os cuando pide en consulado  una visa no inmigrante Como se ha dicho previamente en este artà ­culo, cuando una persona extranjera est en Estados Unidos en situacià ³n de presencia ilegal por ms de 180 dà ­as y luego sale del paà ­s se encuentra que no puede regresar por 3 à ³ 10 aà ±os, dependiendo del tiempo que se estuvo ilegalmente.  ¿Quà © pasa si se quiere regresar con una visa no inmigrante tipo turista, estudiante, intercambio, inversià ³n, etc.? En este caso, y al amparo de lo que legalmente se conoce como perdà ³n INA 212 (d)(3) se podrà ­a pedir un perdà ³n por estancia ilegal previa para levantar el problema que convierte a la persona en lo que se conoce tà ©cnicamente como inadmisible para ingresar a Estados Unidos.   Este perdà ³n no es fcil de obtener y depende de las circunstancias de cada caso. Se pide en el momento en que se solicita la visa no inmigrante que se desea y, para ser aprobado, se van a tener en cuenta tres puntos: la gravedad de la infraccià ³n que se cometià ³si el solicitante es de alguna forma una persona riesgosa para los Estados Unidos o sus leyesla razà ³n por la que la persona quiere viajar a Estados Unidos Es necesario probar con documentacià ³n todo lo que se dice al pedir el perdà ³n y argumentarlo debidamente en una carta. Este tipo de perdà ³n es difà ­cil de obtener, pero no imposible. Adems, tener en cuenta que incluso aunque se obtenga es posible que el oficial consultar finalmente niegue la visa, pero por otra causa. Es decir, porque considera que el solicitante de la visa es inelegible para la misma. Finalmente, si ya se ha cumplido el castigo, no es necesario pedir el perdà ³n. Tener en cuenta que es posible que si se pide una visa no inmigrante, à ©sta puede ser negada, pero no por el castigo, que ya no aplica, sino porque se es inelegible. Y es que para sacar una visa de este tipo un requisito es que el oficial consular està © convencido de que la persona que la solicita no se va a quedar en Estados Unidos ms tiempo del permitido y, là ³gicamente, va a sospechar de quien ya una vez lo hizo. Penalidad de 3 y 10 aà ±os cuando se pide en consulado una visa de inmigrante Un caso muy distinto es el de solicitud pendiente de una visa inmigrante. En estos casos el castigo de los 3 o de los 10 aà ±os convierte a la persona en inadmisible y, por consiguiente, la green card no es aprobada. Para levantar esta penalidad sà ³lo es posible un perdà ³n I-601 que tiene un requisito muy importante: probar una situacià ³n de dureza extrema para un familiar inmediato que es ciudadano americano o residente permanente de la persona que quiere emigrar y no puede por este problema. Estos perdones no son fciles de obtener y se demoran en ser tramitados entre 6 meses y 1 aà ±o, dependiendo de las circunstancias de cada caso y de la carga de trabajo entre los oficiales migratorios. Asimismo, tener en cuenta que, en ocasiones,  adems de presentar los documentos para el perdà ³n por la penalidad de los 3 o de los 10 aà ±os es necesario solicitar conjuntamente otro. Por ejemplo,  el perdà ³n I-212 por deportacià ³n. Casos especiales de perdones por castigo de 3 y 10 aà ±os Las personas que se encuentran en las siguientes categorà ­as deben saber que sus casos para pedir el perdà ³n tienen singularidades especiales, por lo que deberà ­an contactar con un abogado especialista: canadiensespersonas que ingresaron a Estados Unidos bajo el Programa de Exencià ³n de VisasTPS y NACARAVAWA, para casos de violencia domà ©sticaVisa T de trfico humanoVisa U para và ­ctimas de violenciaPrograma Juvenil Especial   Consejos prcticos sobre la penalidad de los 3 y 10 aà ±os Tener en cuenta, adems, que segà ºn las circunstancias de cada caso puede que sea imposible legalmente solicitar el perdà ³n, como asà ­ sucede cuando existe una prohibicià ³n permanente para regresar a Estados Unidos, situacià ³n que ocurre en varios casos como por ejemplo, al ingresar ilegalmente a Estados Unidos despuà ©s de una deportacià ³n. Asimismo, una aclaracià ³n sobre una duda frecuente.  ¿quà © pasa cuando el tiempo como ilegal fue inferior a 180 dà ­as? La respuesta depende del caso. Si se solicita una visa de inmigrante o un ajuste de estatus, en ambos casos para sacar la tarjeta de residencia permanente, ese tiempo de ilegalidad no va a suponer ningà ºn problema. Sin embargo, en los casos en los que se tiene una visa no inmigrante o se ha ingresado a Estados Unidos sin visa pero con una ESTA, automticamente se cancela la visa o la ESTA. A partir de ahà ­ es ms difà ­cil obtener una visa nueva porque ya el oficial consular puede sospechar de los motivos por los que se pide y est en su derecho de denegarla.   En el caso de espaà ±oles y chilenos que pueden ingresar sin visa, pierden automticamente ese derecho y ya siempre tendrn que pedir una visa si quieren viajar a Estados Unidos. Por todo lo dicho, es claro que el tema del castigo de los tres y de los 10 aà ±os es muy complejo y que las personas afectadas por esta regla  deberà ­an contratar a un  abogado de inmigracià ³n especialista  en este tipo de casos. Este artà ­culo es meramente informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Etihad Airways Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Etihad Airways - Assignment Example It now has a total of 81 destinations in 50 nations. There are online transactions on paying the fee or ticket. There are also enhancing security systems, which are better than those of its competitors. Every organization has threats and opportunities; in this case, Etihad is not an option. Therefore, the threats that the airline encounter consist of the competition that it faces from its competitors in terms of services they offer to their clients. In addition, the fuel price has gone up for the past few years, and it seems to continue increasing in the next few years (Vasigh, et al., and 2012 p.19). The competitors are many in the airline industry they include Emirates, Saud Arabian Airlines, Gulf Air, Oman Air Airlines in UAE as well as other Middle East regions as well as in Qatar especially in terms of their market share. It becomes the largest threat to Etihad hindering its market penetration. These airlines are increasing in line, and the numbers of fleets are also increasing making it more competitive to Etihad (Vedder, 2008 p. 30).Singapore Airlines is a great threat and Emirates is the most major threat that beats them all. Etihad Airlines have the plans to increase its channels. However, it faces many challenges. One of the major challenges is there is an increase in fuel price that doubles every time therefore making it hard to cope with the trends. Though the airline is located in the oil producing country, the competitors are trying to take control of the prices. The only thing that Etihad can do is also to try and take control of the fuel prices. Secondly, the company is having challenges gaining the operational rights of foreign nations so as to operate in the region. After the economic crisis, the countries have come up with strict regulation rules for all foreign airlines in order to protect their home carriers. The other challenge that Etihad faces is the expansion of the Far

Doing business with integrity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Doing business with integrity - Essay Example Ultimately, he let his children work and manage the business which destroyed the relationships of the siblings because of the pride they have to maintain and because of greed. In the aforementioned movie, one can see the opportunity in the drug and gun business. However, since it is illegal, there are so many dangers involved in it. There are the risks of imprisonment, rivalry which could lead to fights or worse, deaths. Although there is indeed much money in the business, the risks are so high that it could be considered a lose-lose proposition. From the example seen through the godfather’s family, it is true that they became rich and powerful however, the children lived miserable lives. There have been fights in the family and because of fear of betrayal the dominant brother killed his other brothers and brother-in-law. What could be interesting in the real world though is that even in legal businesses, there will always be greed and betrayal. Perhaps the most important thin g that could be learned in the movie is doing business which he established and prospered. Ultimately, he let his children work and manage the business which destroyed the relationships of the siblings because of the pride they have to maintain and because of greed. In the aforementioned movie, one can see the opportunity in the drug and gun business. However, since it is illegal, there are so many dangers involved in it. There are the risks of imprisonment, rivalry which could lead to fights or worse, deaths. Although there is indeed much money in the business, the risks are so high that it could be considered a lose-lose proposition.

Effect of Cultural and Racial Identity on Self-Image

Effect of Cultural and Racial Identity on Self-Image Many factors contribute to making up the identity of an individual, their self-image and how they portray themselves. Some of these factors include: beliefs, culture, gender, race, amongst others. Usually, people in a society tend to base their initial knowledge of other people on stereotypical generalizations that originate from these various aspects of identity. In many cases, these generalizations that hastily become the known myths do not necessarily tell the truth about a certain group of people with major similarities like cultural background or race. This ends up creating a standard that society indirectly confers on these people who in return, may or may not conform to these standards. Personally, I fall under the category of people that do not live according to what may seem like societal standards when analyzing the average Canadian teenager. My cultural and racial identity sum up the major aspects that influence my self-image because my physical characteristics causes soci ety to not see beyond my cultural background, gender and values. As an illustration, my cultural and racial background is physically evident because I have distinct features like my skin colour, that show I am Black. Also, when I talk my accent clearly depicts that I am a West-African, more specifically a proud Nigerian girl. This impacts my self-image tremendously because it serves as a constant reminder of my place of origin. Being a true Nigerian child comes with the training I get to enable me become a responsible lady in the nearest future. This is because I have certain responsibilities and standards to live by as a result of my upbringing as a child. For example, in my childhood the importance of working hard was constantly preached by my parents, elders at church, school and even my surroundings. House chores were seen as the primary duties of the children in the home and being the youngest of five did not really help this fact. My place in the family as the last born put me in the position of the errand person. My older ones were more lik e my supervisors and to them, having me assist whenever there was a need to wash clothes, cook, sweep the house and many more, made me more responsible as I grew older. Up until this point, this makes me see myself as an active role player in my life and maturation process. On the other hand, this is different from how the people around me would judge me. A recent example is when I moved into residence at York University. Being evidently African, a fellow student living on the same floor admitted she thought I would be really â€Å"ratchet†. By this, she meant her expectations of me were low. She thought I was the loud party girl that every guy knew and had sexual history with. She was surprised to find out I am actually a reserved and simple girl who is academic oriented. Her reason for thinking this way came from her encounters with few other Black girls in the past who did not act responsibly because of their issues with drugs, smoking and boys. This made her judge me befo re she even got to know me for who I truly am. Secondly, being a girl influences my self-image because it is one physical aspect of my identity that speaks for me before I do. As a female child born into a patriarchal society like that of the Nigerian society, your ideal stages in life have practically been laid out for you to follow. It starts from growing up being responsible and hardworking, then working hard to make sure you are academically successful because education is very important. After this, you get your career and at the â€Å"right time†, get married when your destined husband finds you. For instance, when I was a younger child growing up, my mum always told me stories of how being a good mother or wife is not easy, but worth it. She would always encourage me to watch her whenever she was cooking, serving my dad his food or arranging the house. She constantly emphasized on the importance of being industrious as a lady and potential wife. This means that as a female in the average Nigerian home, your purpose in life seems incomplete if you do not plan on getting married and having children. In other words, after you reach a certain age as a girl, you better start expecting the whole talk about marriage, having grandchildren for your parents and being a good wife, cook and mother when you marry. I do not have a problem with this in any way because I believe that part of the fulfillment of a woman comes from her marrying her true love, having a family and raising her children at some point in her life. Furthermore, my values which are a major component of my identity determine the kind of person I choose to be and eventually become. My main values include, my belief in Jesus Christ as my saviour, abstinence from sex, alcohol and any type of drugs. This makes me see myself as a misfit because I can hardly fit into my environment or society without having to change or compromise my beliefs a little. Most times, people see me as weird and find it hard to believe that I have never gone clubbing, smoked or at least done something â€Å"cool†. An occurrence that I do not think I will ever forget was in the summer of grade eleven which is about two years ago. I met a guy who happened to be a friend of my close friend. The three of us spent time together at the mall while the guy was trying to get to know me better by asking me questions about my school, background amongst others. I thought he was a nice person. Eventually, he asked if we could â€Å"chill† and I was not sure of what he meant. Regardless, I said no because and gave an excuse of having to go pick my nephew up from school. In all honesty, I did not feel like going out with a guy, especially someone I just met for the first time. To cut the long story short, he ended up walking halfway home with me because he claimed he lived in the same neighbourhood as me. Later on, I figured that by â€Å"chill† he meant he was sexually attracted to me and he just wanted to get something from me because he thought I was that type of girl. I could see disappointment written all over his face when I totally refused his advancements towards me. He said he had never been refused by any girl with a similar racial or cultural background as me. To say the least, I was disgusted at the fact that someone of the opposite gender would actually disregard my belief in sexual purity and abstinence then, judge me in such a disrespectful manner because of my skin color and cultural background. All in all, I believe that my body goes beyond my physical beauty and what I look like. It encompasses everything about me, ranging from the smallest to the biggest. The way I see myself is also as a result of a combinations of all these factors like how other people see me and judge me. I cannot blame society for their judgements of me, but I can expect better because a person goes beyond his or her cover which is the body. You have to remove the cover in this sense and see every single thing is contains beneath it. As a result of this self-image continuously develops as a person grows and this is my story. I know that despite what my cultural and racial identity entails, I will continuously amaze myself with personal growth and maturity. I will reach beyond the set boundaries and expectations.

Essay --

Christopher (2011) argues that the term called reverse logistics is used to depict the step of taking products back, generally at the end-of-life, but also for repair and recall. Reverse logistics can be defined as a chain of process to recover or sell the value of a product. That is if a company think supply chain stream in reverse, the one can make a decision the best way to deal with the bounced product. Especially, reverse logistics has received keen attention in the supply chain literature, since it mirrors the capacity of a company within supply chain to affirmatively effect the relationship that customers (Horvath et al., 2005). In addition, reverse logistics triggers main cost result for both the enterprise and its supply chain (Daugherty et al., 2005). As mentioned above, reverse logistics has been an essential structural component to make strategy in whole supply chain (Daugherty et al., 2001). Among a variety of industrial fields, automotive industry is the sector that has one of the complicated supply chains as car enterprises have vertical business relation with their suppliers to control thousands of parts for making a car. It means that the car parts companies should have their own supply chain to maintain relationship with their collaborating companies, and logistics also have to be operated to meet service demands of customers in supply chain. This dissertation presents a study of the effect according to reverse logistics strengthen in automotive parts supply chain. There are drivers promoting importance of reverse logistics. Regarding to this, Literature could be grouped as three parts: unavoidable returns, environmental and economic aspects. First of all, There are a few reasons for unavoidable returns of mate... ... and people. They can also consider reverse logistics as a method to keep and manage their brand reputations, to market their products as well as to obtain competitive benefits (Marien, 1998). It is critical for the major companies which lead the market to improve environmentally sustainable business since environmentally unkind products and materials would be detrimental to firms’ reputations and then could trigger a significant damage. The literature review shows that there are attempts to identify the factors driving reverse logistics strengthen. As a result, it is construed that there are three main reasons and they will signpost to find the objective of this dissertation. Based on these views, this dissertation will discuss and analysis the effect according to increase of importance of reverse logistics, focusing on supply chain in an automotive parts industry.

International Student Identity Essay

Identity is sort of behaviour that can be symbolized by individual or communities by showing how they interact to each other and how they represent their culture of origin. These essay will discuss and analyse some theories of indentity through culture and languange views and then show the reader how these lense might influence international student identity. The structure of essay will be organised as follows; First of all, introduction will explain an overview of it. This is followed by describing the theory of identity. The next section is about discussion of identity by using culture and language focuses. Furthermore, writer will explain the impact of new culture and language to international student’s current and future experience. Finally, a conslusion paragraph will be the final section of the essay. What is Identity? In last three decades, the theory of identity evolves continously. According to Borowski (1976, 501), identity does not have a definite concept. Many scholars explore what identity is. For example, in his paper, Burke and Reitzes (1981) summarise the work of McCall and Simmons (1966), Stryker (1968), and Burke and Tully (1977) to divide the concept of identity in three unique characteristics that are, identities are produced by society, identities are personal sense, and identities are spontaneous and representational character. This distinctive feature is obtained by an individual throughout childhood period to become his/her fundamental character (Sokefeld et. al. 1999, 2). Later on, Fearon (1999, 4) broadly explains that identity of a person can be defined as social identity (a person is recognised by â€Å"rules deciding membership and performed characteristic features or attributes†) and personal category (special feature, might be permanent, that make a person is looked important by society). Furthermore, Hall (1990, 222) argues that the theories of identity keep to be produced, â€Å"which is never complete, always in process and always constituted within, not outside, representation† In addition, there are still challenges to identity theory to have obvious meanings that related to self and society (Stryker and Burke 2000, 284). Culture Identity According to archaeological term (SAA 2008), culture means â€Å"a set of learned beliefs, values and behaviours the way of life shared by the members of a society. † It is performed because there is relationship between each of members (Ferdman 1990, 186). They usually gather in a group of society. For example, if some Javanese people (one of Indonesian ethnics) live outside of Indonesia, they tend to live in a place where other Javanese live. They interact with each other and applying Javanese’s values that they have before. These dispositions maintain and develop their values and applying it in their daily living. Other people who are not a member of that society might look this mind-set as culture identity of that society. In addition, Hall (1990, 229) argues that cultural identities are the special character that emerge from history and culture. For instance, culture identities of England and Ireland are quite same, because they have similar history and culture. Cultural identity represents individual or group’s behaviour. According to Kochman (1987, 220 cited in Ferdman 1990, 190), cultural identity can be represented by ethnic and indirect link between an individual and the group. It has main value that the beliefs and act becomes a symbol of the group, and the member realise that he/she has direct relationship with the most important and unique part of their culture (Smolic 1981, 75-77 cited in Ferdman 1990, 190) . This value is simple, however its â€Å"malleability, imprecision, and multivocality†, make cultural identity become complicated (Cohen 1993, 202). Furthermore, it can be influenced by anything because of cultural identity is unstable (Hall 1990, 229). Language Identity Language is generally used when people interact to each other. Yihong et. al. (2005, 39) state that language is not just to communicate, but It associated with culture which create one’s self-identity. Moreover, it represents the identity of a society (Miller 2000, 69). For example, International students from Indonesia, Middle East countries, or China, will speak by using their native language when they interact to student from same country. Indonesian language, Arabic language, Mandarin or Cantonese languages are their identity. People might know who they are by listening to their conversation. Language and identity can not be separated. Scholars argue that language use and identity is inherent with social practices and membership (Miller 2000, 69). He also affirms that self-representation is a product of language use and identity (Miller 2000, 69). How person speaks, what type of vocabularies, represent the identity of the speaker. For instance, a truck driver will not use same language as a Professor use, and a postgraduate student has different style of language that high school student does. Even though they have same mother tongue, such as English, they speak differently because they come from different society. Their identity shows what and how they differ. International Student Identity People who pursue their study to overseas’ university will have new identity as international student. They become member of student society. During study, each individual enacts its duty as student (Fearon 1999, 19). A student can be seen by another member of society as college student, or the other way around. Furthermore, he or she may establish a self-identity embedded with academic consequences (Reitzes and Burke 1982 cited in Reitzes and Burke 1991, 243). By representing their new identity, they should study hard, submit the assignment on time, do some examinations, interact to other students and lecturer, and so on. Being international student in Australia, a person who comes from country which has different culture and language use will do some adjustments related with culture and language. He or she should accustom with Australian or western culture, and using English language more frequent. These adjustments may be done to make his or her study successful and to make their live during here easy. For instance, using English language to communicate to another student from different country and lecturer or tutor is a must; otherwise he or she can not interact. Another illustration is when he or she has group assignment which requires working with Australian student or western countries’ student. Possibly, Australian people is very common with assertive behaviour (Putnis and Petelin 2007, 3. 3), which can annoy him or her. Instead of the study group is unsuccessful, acceptation to this behaviour should be considered, since it has positive impact to the group. Postgraduate student identity It is very interesting for me to deal with new culture. I have to make a lot of adjustments while I am here. For example, I should say â€Å"thank you† to the bus driver to show my politeness and appreciation. It might be sort of Australian culture which is unusual attitude in my country. Another case is about calling a lecturer or someone who has higher position than me just by mentioning his or her first name. For the first time, it is so unfamiliar for me, because in Indonesia, I have to call them by saying ‘Mr’ or ‘Mrs’ before their name. In spite of the example above, I am very surprised to know that drinking alcohol and get drunk is frequently done by most of Australian people. They always do this thing every week end. Using English as new constraint language in the university is a remarkable thing for me. All things that related with my study are in English. At the beginning, it is quite difficult for me to be used to English language, because English is not my first or second language. However, I must try hard to improve my English, by speaking and interacting more often with other native or international student. After all, now I feel my self-representation changes. According to (Yihong et. al. 2005, 39-40), I am in the level of â€Å"self confidence change and additive change. â€Å" As a postgraduate student, to establish reading habit and critical thinking are also new culture for me. To do my assignment well, all problems should be keen evaluated and analytically critiqued (Atkinson and Longman 2003 cited in Davies and Maldoni). They also suggest that critical thinking can be established by doing a lot of reading. For example, I need to read a lot of references to support my opinion in a discussion essay. Impact to my future There are many Australian cultures which can influence my self identity. However, I have to sort whether it will be positive or negatif impact for me. For the negatif one, such as drinking alcohol habit, I will not allow my self to be influenced by that thing. On the other hand, assertive behaviour and the way how Australian people appreciate someone else will give the positive impact for me. In the future, my self will be more assertive and will appreciate people more. Another good impact for me is high level of English proficiency. Practising english everyday will make non-native speaker highly confident (Yihong et. al. 2005, 39-40). Conclusion The concept of identity still changes and many experts try to formulate the suitable definition of identity. New culture and language use which faced by international student will affect to their self identity. These new lenses might have positive or negative impact to them. They will have high self-confidence in interacting to another people. However, they should make a choice to absorb whether native culture is acceptable to be used as their self-representation or not. Reference Borowski, E. J. 1976. Identity and Personal Identity. Mind. 85 (340) : 481-502. http://links. jstor. org/sici? sici=00264423%28197610%292%3A85%3A340%3C481%3AIAPI%3E2. 0. CO%3B2-L (accessed at 24 March 2008). Burke, P. J. and D. C. Reitzes. 1981. The link between identity and role performance Social Psychology Quarterly. 44 (2) : 83-92. http://links. jstor. org/sici? sici=01902725%28198106%2944%3A2%3C83%3ATLBIAR%3E2. 0. CO%3B2 (accessed at 20 March 2008). Cohen, A. P. 1993. Culture as identity: An anthropologist’s view. New Literary History. 24 (1): 195-209. http://links. jstor. org/sici? sici=00286087%28199324%2924%3A1%3C195%3ACAIAAV%3E2. 0. CO%3B2-R (accessed at 27 March 2008). Davies, A. and A. Maldoni. Meeting the Needs of International Postgraduate Students: Modifying the EAP Curriculum for Masters Preparation Programs. http://www. englishaustralia. com. au/index. cgi? E=hcatfuncs&PT=sl&X=getdoc&Lev1=pub_c05_07&Lev2=c04_davie. (accessed at 27 March 2008). Fearon, J. D. 1999. What is identity (as we now use the word). Department of Political Science. Stanford University. http://www. stanford. edu/~jfearon/papers/iden1v2. pdf (accessed at 24 March 2008). Ferdman, B. M. 1990. Literacy and Cultural Identity. Harvard Educational Review. 60 (2): 181. Academic Research Library. http://eric. ed. gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini. jsp ?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=EJ408106&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=EJ408106. (accessed at 27 March 2008). Hall, S. 1990. Culture Identity and Diaspora. http://www. lwbooks. co. uk/ReadingRoom/public/IdentityDiaspora. pdf. (accessed at 27 March 2008). Kagan, H. and Cohen, J. 1990. Cultural adjustment of international students. Psychological Science. 1 (2): 133-137. http://www. blackwell-synergy. com. ezp02. library. qut. edu. au/doi/abs/10. 1111/j. 1467-9280. 1990. tb00082. x (accessed at 27 March 2008). Miller, J. M. 2000. Language use, identity, and social interaction: migrant students in Australia. Research on Language & Social Interaction. 33(1): 69-100. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1207/S15327973RLSI3301_3. (accessed 7 March 2008). Putnis P. and R. Petelin. 2007. Improving personal communication. In QCD210/220/211 book of readings. Brisbane: Queensland University of Technology. Stryker, S. and Burke, P. J. 2000. The past, present, and future of an identity theory. Social Psychology Quarterly. 63 (4) : 284-297. http://links. jstor. org/sici? sici=0190-2725%28200012%2963%3A4%3C284%3ATPPAFO%3E2. 0. CO%3B2-G. (accessed at 24 March 2008). Society for American Archaeology. 1996. http://www. saa. org/publications/sampler/terms. html (accessed at 27 March 2008). Sokefeld, M. , Chaudhary, M. A. , Driessen, H. , Ewing, K. P. , Fuchs. , Gellner, D. N. , Haley, B. D. , et al. 1999. Debating self, identity, and culture in anthropology (and comments and reply). Current Anthropology. 40 (4): 417-447. http://links. jstor. org/sici? sici=00113204%28199908%2F10%2940%3A4%3C417%3ADSIACI%3E2. 0. CO%3B2-5 (accessed at 27 March 2008) Yihong, G. , Ying, C. , Yuan, Z. , and Yan Z. 2005. Self-identity changes and English learning among Chinese undergraduates. World Englishes. 24 (1):

My Vision Of My Utopia - 989 Words

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Since I am creating my own utopia, I decided to also create my social mechanism. With creating my own social mechanism, I thought it would be ideal to go away from a materialistic object, but towards an ideology. I chose spirituality for my people to follow, more specifically, a forest deity. Like most religions, people believe without seeing, so they would be following a non-materialistic object. The people of the utopia believe that there is a deity living within the forest. The social mechanism disguises itself as a spiritual figure that enforces the people to embrace harmony and unity in exchange for protection and shelter. This social mechanism keeps the people of this utopia in line by making them dependent on one another. If no one is willing to get along and work together then survival is limited. The social mechanism is set in place is more like a set of guidelines for the society to follow. 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